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  • Spectacled bear at Zurich Zoo.

    Spectacled Bear

    Tremarctos ornatus

    The spectacled bear is the only large bear in South America. Spectacled bears are threatened because their habitat in the Andes is increasingly being converted into cattle pastures and encroached upon by road construction and the building of gas pipelines.
    The common name spectacled bear (also called Andean bear) in German, French and English comes from the striking facial coloration with bright rings around the eyes. However, the ring is not always equally well developed. Many animals do not have a complete ring and have completely different bright patches of fur around the eyes. For field researchers and zoo visitors, this is an excellent way to distinguish between individuals.
    Spectacled bears in the Andes spend up to 70 percent of their activity time foraging for food. This need can also be satisfied in Zurich. Many feeding stations are stocked several times a day by the animal keepers. Food is distributed and buried throughout the enclosure. The animals are constantly on the lookout for food and can thus be kept busy in a manner appropriate to their species. Stereotypies, the monotonous walking back and forth due to a lack of incentives, are a thing of the past in Zurich.

    Related to Carnivores, caniformia, bears (8 species), short-snouted bears (1 species)
    Habitat Humid forests and wet meadows (páramo) up to 4700 meters above sea level
    Mode of life Diurnal, foraging on the ground and rarely in trees
    Social structure Solitary, in the mating season in pairs, females with young, no distinct territories
    Diet Predominantly plants, rarely meat
    Weight Females up to 80 kg, males up to 140 kg, newborns 320 to 370 g
    Head-torso length 120 - 200 cm
    Shoulder height 70 - 90 cm
    Tail length 10 cm
    Gestation time 160 to 260 days (incl. dormancy), effective gestation period only 60 days
    Litter size 1 to 3 young animals, altriciality
    Age of sexual maturity At the age of 4 to 5 years
    Life expectancy Over 30 years
    Utilization Meat and fur, medical purposes
    Population trend Less than 25'000 animals
    At Zurich Zoo since 1976, 14 reared young animals, internationally coordinated breeding (EEP)

    Distribution

    Verbreitungskarte Brillenbär

    Spectacled Bears (Youtube Playlist)

    Animal Voice

    Sponsors

    RICA D. + R. Mosimann, Dietlikon
    COCHA D. + R. Mosimann, Dietlikon
    APU D. + R. Mosimann, Dietlikon
    UYUNI D. + R. Mosimann, Dietlikon
    Image

    Conservation status

    IUCN RedList

    Breeding programme